If is a PID, then every finitely generated module
over
is isomorphic to a direct sum of cyclic
-modules. That is, there is a unique decreasing sequence of proper ideals
such that
where
, and
.
Similarly, every graded module over a graded PID
decomposes uniquely into the form
where
are homogenous elements such that
,
, and
denotes an
-shift upward in grading.