Question: Prove that every non-empty open set in is the disjoint union of a countable collection of open intervals.
The key things to prove are the disjointness and the countability of such open intervals. Otherwise, if disjointness and countability are not required, we may simply take a small open interval centered at each point in the open set, and their union will be the open set.
Elementary Proof: Let be a non-empty open set in
.
Let . There exists an open interval
containing
. Let
be the maximal open interval in
containing
, i.e. for any open interval
containing
,
. (The existence of
is guaranteed, we can take it to be the union of all open intervals
containing
.)
We note that such maximal intervals are equal or disjoint: Suppose and
then
is an open interval in
containing
, contradicting the maximality of
.
Each of the maximal open intervals contain a rational number, thus we may write . Upon discarding the “repeated” intervals in the union above, we get that
is the disjoint union of a countable collection of open intervals.
There are many other good proofs of this found here (http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/318299/any-open-subset-of-bbb-r-is-a-at-most-countable-union-of-disjoint-open-interv), though some can be quite deep for this simple result.